The short answer
If you want one program that prepares your artwork and drives the laser on Linux, Vextrify's desktop app runs natively on Ubuntu 24.04, Debian 13 and newer. If you prefer free, open-source software, Rayforge is actively developed and MeerK40t is strong for stock K40 boards. LightBurn 1.7 keeps working on Linux, but its documentation says no newer Linux version will follow.
- Vextrify: native desktop app, many controllers
- Rayforge and MeerK40t: free, open source
- LightBurn: stays at 1.7 on Linux